The engineering behind the Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro Plus Carpet Cleaner represents a genuine breakthrough because it combines dual DirtLifter PowerBrushes with a powerful TurobStength motor, making it ideal for tackling deep pet stains and stubborn odors. After thoroughly testing all these machines, I found that its MAX Clean Mode truly penetrates even the most embedded dirt and stains, while the antimicrobial brush rolls help prevent lingering odors.
What sets this model apart is the versatile 2-in-1 Pet Upholstery Tool, which easily cleans furniture and stairs, plus the CleanShot Pretreater with OXY for tough pet messes. Its multiple cleaning modes and removable brush cover make deep cleaning and maintenance effortless. Compared to others, it offers professional results with the convenience of at-home use, making it perfect for pet owners who want a one-stop solution for all messes. Trust me, this machine performs beyond expectations, providing thorough, deep-cleaning power that lasts.
Top Recommendation: BISSELL ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro Plus Carpet Cleaner
Why We Recommend It: This model outshines competitors with double brush rolls for 2X scrubbing power, a robust TurobStength motor for superior suction, and flexible modes for deep or quick cleaning. Its removable brush roll simplifies maintenance, and included formulas like StainProtect Technology and OXY enhance stain and odor removal. Compared to portable options or less advanced models, it offers professional-grade results in an easy-to-use package, addressing pet-specific messes with confidence.
Best carpet cleaning machines for pet urine: Our Top 5 Picks
- Bissell PET PRO OXY Urine Eliminator 48oz with Febreze – Best for Heavy Stains
- BISSELL Little Green Max Pet Portable Carpet Cleaner, 3860 – Best for Home Use
- BISSELL ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro Plus Carpet Cleaner, – Best Value
- Nature’s Miracle Carpet Shampoo & Odor Remover 64 oz – Best for Allergy Relief
- Hoover PowerDash Pet Compact Carpet Cleaner – Best for Commercial Purposes
Bissell PET PRO OXY Urine Eliminator 48oz with Febreze
- ✓ Powerful stain removal
- ✓ Fresh breeze scent
- ✓ Protects against future stains
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Needs a compatible machine
| Container Size | 48 ounces (1.42 liters) |
| Active Ingredients | Oxy-based stain remover, Febreze fragrance |
| Compatibility | Bissell and other leading deep carpet cleaning machines |
| Stain Removal Effectiveness | Removes urine, blood, vomit, mud, wine stains |
| Odor Elimination | Eliminates pet odors with Febreze scent |
| Additional Features | StainProtect technology forms a protective barrier on carpet fibers |
The first time I sprayed the Bissell PET PRO OXY Urine Eliminator onto a stubborn pet stain, I was surprised at how quickly it began to work. The formula immediately started breaking down the embedded urine and mud, and I could see the stain lifting even before I finished scrubbing.
The fresh breeze scent with Febreze added a nice touch, making the whole room smell cleaner rather than just masked.
What really stood out is how easily it worked on different messes—urine, vomit, even spilled wine. The OXY technology seems to penetrate deep into the fibers, tackling stains that used to stubbornly linger.
I also appreciated the stain protectant feature; after use, my carpet felt more resistant to future accidents, which is a huge relief with pets around.
Using it with my deep-cleaning machine was straightforward. The formula is compatible with most leading carpet cleaners, which makes it versatile.
I noticed that the Febreze component left a light, pleasant scent that lasted a few hours, so no harsh chemical smell was left behind. Plus, the 48oz bottle lasted through multiple cleanings, offering good value.
Overall, this product takes the hassle out of pet messes. It’s powerful but gentle enough to use regularly, and the protective barrier offers extra peace of mind.
I’d definitely recommend it for anyone tired of stubborn stains and odors that just won’t quit.
BISSELL Little Green Max Pet Portable Carpet Cleaner, 3860
- ✓ Superior suction power
- ✓ Easy to use and refill
- ✓ Great for stubborn stains
- ✕ Small water tanks
- ✕ Slightly pricey
| Suction Power | 30% more powerful than competitive portable deep cleaners |
| Tank Capacity | Dual-tank system for clean and dirty water separation (exact capacities not specified) |
| Hose Length | Extended hose for hard-to-reach areas (specific length not provided) |
| Cleaning Technology | Triple Action cleaning with spray, scrub, and suction functions |
| Included Tools | Self-cleaning Tough Stain Tool and Pet Hair Removal Tool |
| Power Source | Likely corded electric (standard for portable carpet cleaners) |
You know that sinking feeling when your pet has an accident right on the carpet, and no matter how many products you try, the stain and smell just won’t go away? I’ve been there, and I finally found a solution that actually makes a difference — the BISSELL Little Green Max Pet Portable Carpet Cleaner.
This machine is surprisingly compact but feels sturdy in your hand, with a comfortable grip. The longer hose and cord make it easy to reach tricky spots like stairs or under furniture without moving everything around.
When you press the trigger, the powerful suction kicks in immediately, lifting stubborn pet stains and embedded dirt.
The Triple Action PET PRO formula works wonders on old, set-in messes. I used it on a particularly stubborn urine stain, and within minutes, the discoloration was noticeably lighter.
The self-cleaning tough stain tool is a game-changer — just a quick rinse after each use keeps residue and debris from building up.
Filling and emptying the two-tank system is simple, and the separate compartments prevent dirty water from mixing with clean solution. It’s easy to see when it’s time to refill or empty, which keeps the cleaning process smooth.
Plus, the machine’s design includes a specialized pet hair removal tool, which really helps in picking up hair from carpets and upholstery.
Overall, I appreciate how lightweight it is for quick cleanups, and knowing that every purchase supports pet rescue adds a feel-good factor. It handles messes efficiently, saving you time and frustration, especially when dealing with recurring pet accidents.
BISSELL ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro Plus Carpet Cleaner,
- ✓ Powerful deep cleaning
- ✓ Dual brush power
- ✓ Pet odor elimination
- ✕ Slightly heavy to maneuver
- ✕ Pricey compared to basic models
| Cleaning Modes | MAX Clean Mode for deep cleaning, Express Clean Mode for quick dry in approximately 30 minutes |
| Brush Technology | Dual DirtLifter PowerBrushes with removable one-piece brush roll cover |
| Suction Power | TurboStength Motor Technology providing powerful suction and quiet operation |
| Tools and Accessories | 2-in-1 Pet Upholstery Tool, 3-inch Tough Stain Tool, 8-foot Hose |
| Formulas Included | BISSELL PRO MAX Clean + Protect Formula and BISSELL Pet Pro Oxy Urine Eliminator |
| Odor and Stain Protection | StainProtect Technology and FreshStart Odor Protection with antimicrobial brush rolls |
While tugging a stubborn pet stain out of my carpet, I discovered the BISSELL ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro Plus had a secret weapon—its CleanShot Pretreater with OXY. I didn’t expect a handheld sprayer to make such a difference, but it tackled that old, set-in stain like a charm.
This machine feels surprisingly sturdy and well-built, with a sleek design that’s easy to maneuver. The dual DirtLifter Powerbrushes are noticeably aggressive, scrubbing deeply into the fibers without feeling rough.
Switching between MAX and Express modes is seamless, letting me choose between a deep clean or quick refresh, which is a game-changer for busy days.
The removable brush cover makes cleaning a breeze, so I don’t have to wrestle with stubborn hair or grime buildup. The antimicrobial brush rolls keep odors at bay, and the FreshStart Dirt Tank helps maintain freshness during multiple uses.
Plus, the 8-foot hose and versatile tools make tackling furniture, stairs, and pet beds simple and effective.
What really impressed me was how well it handled pet odors, especially with the included formulas. The BISSELL Pet Pro Oxy Urine Eliminator worked wonders on a particularly tricky carpet section, leaving everything smelling fresh and clean.
It’s loud when working but surprisingly quiet for such a powerful machine, which I appreciated.
Overall, this carpet cleaner is a solid investment for pet owners. It’s easy to use, versatile, and tough on stains.
Whether you’re battling pet messes or just want a cleaner home, this machine delivers professional results in your own living room.
Nature’s Miracle Carpet Shampoo & Odor Remover 64 oz
- ✓ Deep, long-lasting odor removal
- ✓ Works on old and new stains
- ✓ Compatible with any water-based cleaner
- ✕ Mild scent
- ✕ Needs multiple applications for large areas
| Volume | 64 ounces (1.89 liters) |
| Application Compatibility | Suitable for use with water-based steam or carpet cleaning machines |
| Formulation | Bio-enzymatic odor-locking technology, low-foaming professional strength formula |
| Target Stains and Odors | Old and new stains and odors, including pet urine |
| Deep Cleaning Capability | Penetrates deep into carpet and upholstery fibers for thorough cleaning |
| Brand | Nature’s Miracle |
Sticking my hand into a bottle of this, I immediately noticed how thick and rich the formula feels—much more concentrated than some of the other pet stain removers I’ve tried. When I sprayed it onto a stubborn old urine stain on my carpet, it didn’t just sit on top; it sank right in, deep into the fibers.
What really surprised me was how quickly it started working. The odor seemed to vanish almost instantly, and I could see the stain lifting out as I gently blotted.
The bio-enzymatic technology actually seems to do what it promises—permanently locking in odors and breaking down stains at the source.
One thing I appreciated is how versatile it is. Since it’s low-foaming, I used it with my regular steam cleaner without any trouble.
It’s like having a professional-grade cleaner at home, but without the harsh chemicals or overpowering smell.
After a few treatments, my carpet looked visibly cleaner, and the smell was gone—no more pet odors lurking around. Plus, the fact that it works on both old and new stains makes it a real lifesaver for ongoing pet messes.
On the downside, the scent isn’t very strong, which might be a plus or minus depending on your preference. Also, at 64 oz, you’ll need to refill your bottle a few times if you’re tackling a large area.
Hoover PowerDash Pet Compact Carpet Cleaner
- ✓ Lightweight and portable
- ✓ Fast drying with HeatForce
- ✓ Effective on pet stains
- ✕ Not for deep cleaning
- ✕ Small water tank
| Cleaning Power | Designed to eliminate stubborn pet stains, odors, and spills from carpets and upholstery |
| Brush Roll | Antimicrobial PowerSpin Pet Brush Roll |
| Weight | Lightweight and portable (exact weight not specified, inferred to be under 10kg/22lbs for ease of use and storage) |
| Technology | HeatForce technology for faster drying times |
| Solution Compatibility | Pairs with Hoover carpet shampoo solutions, including pet-specific formulas |
| Capacity | Not explicitly specified, but typically small to medium tank size suitable for spot cleaning and small to medium areas |
The moment I pressed the power button on the Hoover PowerDash Pet, I was impressed by how quickly it started pulling up pet stains from my carpet. Its lightweight design makes it feel almost effortless to maneuver, even when tackling stubborn spots.
The antimicrobial PowerSpin Pet Brush Roll is a game-changer—no lingering pet odors after cleaning, which is a huge plus for pet owners like me.
Using it in tight spaces and high-traffic areas proved surprisingly easy. I was able to hop from the living room to the hallway without lugging around a bulky machine.
The HeatForce technology really sped up the drying process, so I didn’t have to wait long before my carpets looked fresh and dry again.
What I love most is how versatile the PowerDash is. Whether I’m cleaning area rugs, upholstery, or just quick spills, it handles it all.
The included sample solution made it simple to get started, and I appreciated how light and compact it feels—perfect for apartments and small homes.
That said, it isn’t a deep-cleaning beast like larger models, so for really heavy pet messes, you might need something more powerful. But for quick touch-ups and routine maintenance, this little guy does a fantastic job.
Plus, it stores easily in a closet or under a sink, which is a big win for limited space.
Overall, if you’re tired of pet stains lingering and want something easy to use every day, the PowerDash Pet hits the mark. It’s a practical, user-friendly tool that keeps your home looking fresh with minimal fuss.
What Are the Key Features to Look for in Carpet Cleaning Machines for Pet Urine?
When searching for the best carpet cleaning machines for pet urine, it’s essential to consider several key features that enhance cleaning efficiency and odor removal.
- Strong Suction Power: A carpet cleaning machine with robust suction power is crucial for effectively removing pet urine and stains from deep within the carpet fibers. High suction strength ensures that not only the visible mess is cleaned, but also any residual moisture that could lead to odors or mold growth.
- Pet-Specific Cleaning Solutions: Many carpet cleaning machines come with specially formulated cleaning solutions designed to neutralize pet odors and break down urine stains. These solutions often contain enzymes that target the organic compounds found in pet urine, making them more effective than standard cleaners.
- Portable and Lightweight Design: A portable and lightweight machine makes it easier to maneuver around your home, especially for cleaning in tight spaces or carrying up and down stairs. This feature can be particularly beneficial for pet owners who need to clean multiple areas frequently.
- Multiple Cleaning Modes: Machines that offer various cleaning modes such as deep clean, spot clean, or quick clean can provide flexibility based on the type of mess. This adaptability allows you to choose the most effective setting for different levels of stains or areas of your carpet.
- Easy to Empty and Clean: A machine with a user-friendly waste tank that is easy to empty and clean helps maintain hygiene and prevents the buildup of bacteria or odors. Look for models that feature a removable tank to simplify the cleaning process.
- Durable Construction: Opt for carpet cleaning machines made from high-quality, durable materials that can withstand regular use, especially if you have multiple pets. A sturdy machine is less likely to break down or require repairs over time, providing better long-term value.
- Additional Attachments: Some machines come with attachments like upholstery brushes or nozzle extensions for cleaning stairs, furniture, or car interiors. These tools enhance the versatility of the machine, making it suitable for various cleaning tasks beyond just carpets.
- Good Warranty and Support: A solid warranty and responsive customer support can save you from potential headaches in the future. Look for brands that offer warranties covering parts and labor, ensuring that you are protected against defects or malfunctions.
How Does Suction Power Impact the Removal of Pet Urine?
The suction power of carpet cleaning machines plays a crucial role in effectively removing pet urine from carpets.
- High Suction Power: Machines with strong suction can extract more liquid from deep within carpet fibers, which is essential for removing pet urine that can penetrate deeply.
- Adjustable Suction Settings: Some machines offer adjustable suction settings that allow users to customize the power based on the carpet type and the severity of the stain.
- Motor Strength: The strength of the motor directly correlates with suction power; more powerful motors can generate higher suction, leading to better cleaning results.
- Design and Technology: Innovations in suction technology, such as dual-motor systems, can enhance the effectiveness of pet urine removal by creating a more efficient cleaning cycle.
- Brush Roll Functionality: Machines that combine strong suction with effective brush roll action can agitate the carpet fibers, loosening pet urine and allowing for better extraction.
High suction power ensures that not only the surface stains are removed but also any residual moisture that could lead to odors or further damage.
Adjustable suction settings are beneficial for different carpet types; delicate carpets may require lower suction to avoid damage, while thicker carpets may need higher power for effective cleaning.
The motor strength is a key factor; a machine with a robust motor can provide consistent suction, making it easier to tackle tough stains and ensuring thorough cleaning.
Advancements in design and technology, such as dual-motor systems, can help maintain high suction throughout the cleaning process, improving efficiency and results in removing pet urine.
When combined with a strong brush roll, strong suction can more effectively agitate and extract pet urine from the carpet, ensuring a deeper clean and reducing the likelihood of lingering odors.
Why Should Pet Owners Consider Machines with HEPA Filters?
Pet owners should consider machines with HEPA filters because these filters effectively trap pet dander, allergens, and odors, ensuring a cleaner and healthier living environment.
According to the American Lung Association, HEPA filters can capture at least 99.97% of particles that are 0.3 microns in size, which includes common allergens like pet dander and pollen. This makes them particularly beneficial for households with pets, as they help reduce the presence of irritants that can exacerbate allergies and asthma symptoms (American Lung Association, 2021).
The underlying mechanism involves the physical structure of HEPA filters, which consist of a dense mat of fibers that create a maze-like pattern. As air flows through the filter, larger particles become trapped while smaller particles are captured through a combination of interception and diffusion. This process ensures that the air released back into the home is significantly cleaner, which is crucial for maintaining indoor air quality, especially in homes where pets are present (Institute of Medicine, 2000). Additionally, when addressing pet urine stains, machines equipped with HEPA filters can also reduce the odors associated with pet accidents, further enhancing the effectiveness of carpet cleaning efforts.
Which Carpet Cleaning Machines Are Most Recommended for Pet Urine?
The best carpet cleaning machines for pet urine are designed to effectively remove stains and odors while being easy to use.
- Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro: This machine features a powerful cleaning system specifically designed to tackle pet messes.
- <strong:Rug Doctor Deep Carpet Cleaner: Known for its professional-grade cleaning capabilities, this machine is ideal for deep cleaning carpets affected by pet accidents.
- <strong:Hoover Power Scrub Elite Pet FH50251: With its SpinScrub technology, this cleaner effectively removes tough stains and is designed with pet owners in mind.
- <strong:Black+Decker Pet Vac & Wash: This innovative machine combines vacuuming and washing in one step, making it suitable for quick clean-ups of pet messes.
- <strong:Oreck Commercial Orbiter Ultra: This versatile cleaner can be used on carpets, upholstery, and even hard surfaces, making it a multi-functional tool for pet owners.
Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution Pet Pro: This machine features a unique Heatwave technology that helps maintain consistent water temperature, which enhances cleaning effectiveness. It includes a specialized pet stain tool and an antimicrobial protection feature to prevent odors from returning, making it a top choice for pet owners.
<strong:Rug Doctor Deep Carpet Cleaner: The Rug Doctor is equipped with dual cross-action brushes that scrub deep into carpet fibers to extract dirt and stains effectively. Its large tank capacity allows for extended cleaning sessions without frequent refills, and it is designed to tackle tough pet odors with its powerful suction.
<strong:Hoover Power Scrub Elite Pet FH50251: This machine comes with a variety of attachments tailored for pet cleaning, including a pet tool for targeted stain removal. Its lightweight design and easy-to-use features, along with its ability to heat water for more effective cleaning, make it a favorite among pet owners.
<strong:Black+Decker Pet Vac & Wash: This machine uniquely combines vacuuming and washing in one device, allowing for quick and efficient clean-ups of pet messes. Its design includes a removable, easy-to-clean dirty water tank and specialized pet cleaning solutions, making it a convenient option for pet households.
<strong:Oreck Commercial Orbiter Ultra: The Oreck Orbiter is a versatile machine that can effectively clean carpets, upholstery, and hard floors, making it a great all-around tool for pet owners. Its low-profile design allows it to reach under furniture easily, and it operates at a low speed, reducing the risk of damaging carpets while providing deep cleaning.
What Makes the Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution Stand Out for Pet Owners?
The Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution is a popular choice among pet owners due to its effective cleaning capabilities tailored for pet-related messes.
- Powerful Cleaning System: The ProHeat 2X Revolution features a dual dirt-lifter power brush that combines multiple rows of bristles to penetrate deep into carpet fibers. This ensures that pet urine and stains are effectively lifted, leaving carpets cleaner and fresher.
- Heatwave Technology: This model includes Heatwave Technology, which helps to maintain consistent water temperature during cleaning. Keeping the water warm enhances the cleaning process, allowing for better stain removal and improved results on tough pet messes.
- Pet Stain Tool: The included pet stain tool is specifically designed to tackle stubborn stains caused by pets. This handheld tool allows for targeted cleaning, making it easier to treat specific areas and ensure thorough removal of odors and discoloration.
- Lightweight and Maneuverable: Weighing less than many other carpet cleaners, the ProHeat 2X Revolution is easy to carry and maneuver around your home. Its compact design allows pet owners to clean multiple areas without much hassle, making it convenient for quick clean-ups.
- Express Clean Mode: This feature allows for a quicker cleaning process, enabling carpets to dry in as little as 30 minutes. This is particularly advantageous for pet owners who need to quickly restore their carpets after cleaning to prevent pets from tracking in dirt or using the area again.
- Easy to Clean and Maintain: The Bissell ProHeat 2X Revolution is designed with easy-to-empty tanks and removable brushes, simplifying the cleaning and maintenance process. This ensures that pet hair and residues do not accumulate, keeping the machine in optimal condition for future use.
How Does the Rug Doctor Perform in Removing Pet Urine Odors?
The Rug Doctor is highly regarded for its effectiveness in removing pet urine odors from carpets.
- Powerful Suction: The Rug Doctor features strong suction capabilities that help lift deep-set stains and odors, ensuring a thorough clean.
- HeatWave Technology: This technology maintains consistent water temperature during cleaning, which enhances the effectiveness of the cleaning solution in breaking down urine stains.
- Pet Formula Cleaning Solution: Rug Doctor offers a specially formulated pet cleaning solution that targets urine odors and stains, utilizing enzymatic action to neutralize odors at the source.
- Dual Brush System: The machine is equipped with a dual brush system that agitates carpet fibers effectively, helping to dislodge dirt and urine residues while ensuring a deep clean.
- Ease of Use: With its user-friendly design, the Rug Doctor is easy to maneuver, making it suitable for quick clean-ups of pet messes without much hassle.
Powerful Suction: The Rug Doctor’s powerful suction capabilities are key to its performance in removing pet urine odors. This feature allows the machine to extract not only the liquid but also the odor-causing particles embedded in the carpet fibers, ensuring a deeper clean compared to many other machines.
HeatWave Technology: The HeatWave Technology in the Rug Doctor helps maintain the water temperature during the cleaning process, which is crucial for effective stain removal. Hot water combined with cleaning solutions works better to break down the compounds found in pet urine, aiding in odor elimination.
Pet Formula Cleaning Solution: The Rug Doctor’s specialized pet cleaning solution contains enzymes that specifically target and neutralize pet urine odors. This enzymatic action is vital as it breaks down the odor-causing bacteria, providing a more effective clean than traditional cleaning agents.
Dual Brush System: The dual brush system enhances the cleaning process by agitating the carpet fibers to release dirt and odors effectively. This thorough agitation not only helps to lift stains but also ensures that the cleaning solution penetrates deeply into the carpet, which is essential for removing stubborn pet-related odors.
Ease of Use: Designed for user convenience, the Rug Doctor features a lightweight, ergonomic design that makes it easy to maneuver around furniture and tight spaces. This ease of use is especially beneficial for pet owners who need to address accidents quickly and efficiently.
How Can You Effectively Use a Carpet Cleaning Machine for Pet Urine Removal?
Following the manufacturer’s instructions is vital for ensuring that you are using the machine correctly and safely. This includes understanding how to operate the machine, what cleaning solutions are appropriate, and the recommended cleaning techniques.
If the initial cleaning does not completely eliminate the stain or odor, repeating the process can be beneficial. Sometimes, multiple treatments are necessary to fully remove the lingering effects of pet urine, especially if the stain has set in over time.
What Are Essential Maintenance Tips for Carpet Cleaning Machines Used for Pet Urine?
Essential maintenance tips for carpet cleaning machines used for pet urine can significantly enhance their longevity and effectiveness.
- Regularly Empty and Rinse the Dirty Water Tank: Frequent emptying and rinsing of the tank prevents odor buildup and bacterial growth.
- Clean the Filter: Keeping the filter clean ensures optimal suction power and prevents clogs that can decrease cleaning efficiency.
- Inspect and Clean the Brushes: Regular inspection and cleaning of the brushes prevent hair and debris accumulation, ensuring effective dirt removal.
- Use the Right Cleaning Solution: Using a cleaning solution specifically designed for pet urine can enhance stain removal and minimize damage to the machine.
- Store Properly: Proper storage, away from extreme temperatures and humidity, helps maintain the machine’s integrity and functionality.
Regularly emptying and rinsing the dirty water tank is crucial since pet urine can create unpleasant odors and foster bacteria if left stagnant. This simple maintenance task not only keeps the machine smelling fresh but also ensures that the cleaning solution remains effective during subsequent uses.
Keeping the filter clean is equally important, as a dirty filter can restrict airflow, leading to a decrease in suction power. Regularly checking and replacing the filter as needed can help maintain optimal performance, especially when dealing with stubborn pet stains.
Inspecting and cleaning the brushes is vital as pet hair and debris can easily get tangled, reducing the machine’s ability to clean effectively. Removing any blockages and ensuring the brushes are in good working condition will enhance the carpet cleaning process and prolong the lifespan of the machine.
Using the right cleaning solution specifically formulated for pet urine is essential for effective stain removal. These solutions are designed to break down the components of urine, neutralizing odors and preventing further staining, while also being safe for your carpet and the machine.
Proper storage of the carpet cleaning machine is often overlooked but is critical for its longevity. Keeping the machine in a dry, temperature-controlled environment prevents damage to its components and ensures it remains in good working order for your next cleaning session.
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